International Healthcare Comparisons - 1741 Words

International Healthcare Comparisons Globally, countries struggle with the challenge of providing adequate healthcare services to all their citizens. The United States spent approximately 17.6% of its GDP on healthcare in 2010, which could escalate to close to 19.6% in 2021 if cost containing measures are not put in place to control healthcare spending (The Commonwealth Fund, 2012). Even with this large amount of healthcare spending, the U.S. has almost 50 million residents without health insurance and 29 million who are underinsured (The Commonwealth Fund, 2012). Tanner (2008) estimates â€Å"total U.S. healthcare spending exceeds $1.8 trillion dollars, more than Americans spend on housing, food, national defense, or automobiles† (p.2).†¦show more content†¦Healthcare Rationing One important factor all of healthcare systems need to take into consideration when developing policies is the ease for patients to access services. Rationing in countries with universal he alth systems occurs in several forms. In Great Britain, wait times are a major problem resulting in long delays to be admitted to hospitals, cancer patients not receiving timely treatments, and long interval times to see specialists (Tanner, 2008). Tanner (2008) states chronically ill patients may not be able to receive treatment at all because their illnesses is not considered a cost effective endeavor. Lopes, Coppola and Rise (2010) explain the National Health Service (NHS) has made some efforts to address the long wait times, especially for specialist treatments by contracting with private health sector to decrease the length of time Britons have to wait for services. Britons can also purchase private health insurance independently or receive it through their employer if they want access to more timely services; however, they cannot opt out of the national program (Lopes, Coppola, Riste, 2010). Tanner states Canadians also experience long wait times for healthcare services and there is a shortage of physicians, compounding their access problems. In addition, Canada is seeing moreShow MoreRelatedThe Healthcare System Of The United Kingdom Health Care System Essay940 Words   |  4 Pageschanges that can provide more access to healthcare, better quality and reduce cost. According to Sultz and Young (2014) consuming over 17% of the nation’s gross domestic product, exceeding 2.7 trillion dollars in cost, and employing a workforce of over 16 million, it is understandable that health care occupies a central position in American popular and political discourse (p. 1). This large organization employees many individual and helps delivery healthcare services to even more people. The governmentRead MoreThe Healthcare System Between France And U.s Essay1565 Words   |  7 Pages The Healthcare System Between France and U.S.A: A Comparative Approach for a Better understanding Rida Khlifa University of Central Florida Author Note This paper was prepared for Health Care USA 3111 taught by Professor Yara Asi Abstract This Paper approaches aspects of the US healthcare system in a comparative analysis with the French one. The comparison and contrast analysis touches base with the basic health outcomes and their statistics, including measures suchRead MoreNursing Terminology System Vs. The International Classification Of Nursing Practice1208 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Terminology System Comparison Nursing terminology could be described as the formal and informal communication that occurs in a nurses daily activity. According to McGonigle Mastrian (2009) nursing terminology allows nurses to communicate nursing data, information and knowledge specific to nursing. In addition, standardized nursing terminology refers to a system. This means they have undergone approval by a specific authority. The American Nurses Association (ANA) is one authority with aRead MoreCritical Comparison Of Control And Prevention Methods For Ebola1487 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Comparison of control and prevention methods for Ebola in the United States and Sierra Leone Ebola Virus disease (EVD) is a severe and often fatal illness in humans according to the World Health Organisation (WHO) (WHO, 2016). Although initially originating in wild animals it spreads through the human population via human to human transmission of bodily fluids with the average casualty rate being about 50% (WHO, 2016). The key to prevention and control of Ebola outbreaks is through communityRead MoreBenchmarking Is A Part Of Total Quality Management1483 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization. Competitive benchmarking is the comparison of processes, products, and services to competitors. Functional benchmarking allows the comparison and adoption of processes and practices from different industries as long as the functions are similar. Generic benchmarking is quite similar to functional benchmarking however, it focuses on the need for drastic process improvement regardless of the industry or organization that is being compared with. In healthcare, benchmarking is used to reduce expensesRead MoreHealthcare For All And All A Good Night1729 Words   |  7 Pages Healthcare for All and to All a Good Night No one says it better then the late United States Senator Ted Kennedy in 1978: One of the most shameful things about modern America is that in our unbelievably rich land, the quality of health care available to many of our people is unbelievably poor, and the cost is unbelievably high,† and since then not much has changed (Kennedy). 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According to the International Data Base of Census Bureau International programs Center the U.S. population as of 2015 stands at 322 million in comparison to Canada at 35 million with Germany at 81 million. In essence the United States has a more sustainable healthcare infrastructure in comparison to Germany and Canada according to population based systems. Whereas in comparison the current identical infrastructures in Germany and Canada would notRead MoreU.s. Healthcare Systems Of The United States1185 Words   |  5 PagesU.S. Healthcare Systems The United States has a broad history of diversity and challenges that no other country has faced. One of those challenges has been providing healthcare for its citizens. Healthcare in the United States started out with many religious groups that wanted to help those in need. This form of care for the people of this country has grown to a healthcare system that accounts for 3.2 trillion dollars of the nation’s gross domestic products (CMS (2016). This staggering number hasRead MoreFinancial Research Report On Financial Management1711 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental and sustainable solutions, and patient and customer communications. Throughout their existence, they have demonstrated aggressive growth through over 365 acquisitions and international expansion. In 1998, SRCL expanded into international territory with Canada and Mexico. Today, the company s international operations include Latin America, Europe, and Japan, which combined represent nearly one fourth of total r evenue. Stericycle has nearly 600,000 customers, have 435 locations on four

Death Penalty Pros and Cons - 1636 Words

Pros and Cons of the Death Penalty The death penalty is a legal process whereby a person is put to death as a punishment for a crime. The death penalties are usually carried out for retribution of a heinous murder committed, such as aggravated murder, felony killing or contract killing. Every state handles what method they want to use to put a person to death according to their state laws. The death penalty is given by lethal injection, electrocution; gas chamber firing squad and hanging are some of the ways that certain states may carry out their death penalty procedures. I will present some views and personal opinion dealing with the pros and cons of the death penalty. The death penalty is such a life altering subject that affects†¦show more content†¦Death penalty case costs were counted through to execution (median cost $1.26 million). Non-death penalty case costs were counted through to the end of incarceration (median cost $740,000). (December 2003 Survey by the Kansas Legislative Post Audit) In Tennessee, death penalty trials cost an average of 48% more than the average cost of trials in which prosecutors seek life imprisonment. (2004 Report from Tennessee Comptroller of the Treasury Office of Research) In Maryland death penalty cases cost 3 times more than non-death penalty cases, or $3 million for a single case.(Urban Institute, The Cost of the Death Penalty inMaryland,March 2008)In California the current system costs $137 million per year; it would cost $11.5 million for a system without the death penalty.(California Commission for the Fair Administration of Justice, July 2008). According to Priya Johnson this because, the cost incurred prior to and during the trial, involves an endless stream of appeals, legal wrangling, etc. According to Priya Johnson such trials as a death penalty trials, special motions and extra time for jury selection are required. Investigation charges also rise exorbitantly, especially by the prosecution. Thus, According to Priya Johnson spending finances on death penalty is tantamount to reducing essential financial and time resources needed for crime prevention, mental health treatment, rehabilitation, valuable victim’s services, etc. Fig. 4. Coutesy of (The family Project)Show MoreRelatedPros And Cons Of The Death Penalty789 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty The death penalty has been a debated topic for decades. Many people believe that it serves justice to the person being executed, while others think that it does no good for either party. However, I believe the three most outstanding topics surround the death penalty are the cost of death vs. life in prison, attorney quality, and irrevocable mistakes. The first topic surrounding the death penalty is the cost of death vs. life in prison. 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For instance it was planned murder, intentionally killed below the age of 13, killed som eone while serving term in prison, killed a law officer, and killed someone or illegally terminated a person’s pregnancy while in the process of committingRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1435 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Death Penalty (DP), being also known as capital punishment, capital offence and corporal punishment, is a sentence of death imposed on a convicted criminal (1); this essay will use all the terms interchangeably. The DP breaches two fundamental human rights, namely the right to life and the right to live free from torture; both rights are protected under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) adopted by the United Nations in 1948, which contains a list of each human rightsRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty has always been an issue or debate in the United States, typically being asked if it should be illegal or not. As of right now there are thirty-one states, including Ohio in which I live, that still use the death penalty as it is illegal in the rest. There are many supporters of it, there is also a huge amount of opposition. There are things included in both sides that can make the argument harder to be one-sided but I believe that the death penalty should be legal throughout theRead MorePros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1348 Words   |  6 Pagesmost shocking, the death penalty. 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Currently, there are thirty three states where the death penalty is legal and seventeen states that have abolished it . I believe the death penalty should be legal th roughout the nation. Crime is all around, Wherever we look we find criminals and crime. Criminals have become a part of peoples daily lives,Some criminals commit a crime

Abortion Essay Intro Example For Students

Abortion Essay Intro In three weeks, Jennifer will leave for college. She broke up with herboyfriend two weeks ago, and today she found out she was pregnant. Should Jennifer have an abortion, or stop all her plans and have a babyat eighteen? Either way the decision is hers to make. On January 22,1973 the landmark decision of Roe vs. Wade occurring in the SupremeCourt made abortion a constitutional liberty (Francome 20). Legally,Jennifer can receive an abortion. Socially, however, she will enduremany more obstacles. Fighting for societys acceptanceIn todays American society, viewpoints on certain topics oftenconflict with what individuals believe is right. This is very evidentin the argument for acceptance of abortions among college students. However, with the rise of the anti-abortion movement this procedure hasbecome less accepted and harder to obtain. Should abortions amongcollege students be more widely accepted in society? According to aPlanned Parenthood study done in 1997, forty percent of seventee n yearolds will become pregnant before their twenty-fifth birthday. Thisstatistic is directly targeted at college age females. The answer isfar from being strictly a black and white issue, but my own viewpoint isyes abortions should be accepted among society for many reasons. Thecontroversial issue of abortion has many intertwining, surroundingcomplications. Such an issue is never concrete, in America, about 20% of Americans thoroughly oppose abortions, 20%thoroughly favor abortions, while a vast majority are muddled in themiddle' (Pojman and Beckwith 59). As with any pregnancy there areimpending risks involved and many extenuating circumstances that justifyan abortion. In a perfect world, abortions are not the best way toprevent unwanted pregnancies, but there are many bumps in the road,keeping the United States from being perfect.Defining Life?The main question facing society is the definition of a fetus point ofliving. Pro-Lifers believe that, a fertilized embryo is the foundatio nfor a living human being (National College Students for Life). Incontrast, pro-choicers argue that a human being is something moreconcrete with its own thought processes and consciousness. Petcheskyargues, the fetus is only a potential human being, and we confuseactual with potential (432). So who is right and who is wrong? Whomakes the definition of a living human being? These however, arequestions that will most likely never be resolved. Therefore, bothsides need to accept and respect each other views on the issue forsociety as a whole to be more accepting of abortion. Emotional InstabilityThe emotions that result from being in a college atmosphere and theemotions that occur with pregnancy do not coincide. Most collegestudents are not emotionally stable enough to carry or give birth to achild. As stated by Rosalind Petchesky, women between the ages ofeighteen and twenty are at the highest level of emotional insecurity and have proven to be unfit mothers (322). Entering college is a newexperience for teenagers which involves a new sense of freedom andresponsibility. College students are battling with being on their ownfor the first time, managing their time and studying. College studentshave too much emotional strain and stress on them to add the additionalstress of having a child. A survey was conducted among college malesand females on their various viewpoints of abortion. Of those surveyed,82% of both males and females claimed they did not feel that they wouldmake a capable parent while still remaining in college. Having a childbrings a whole new sense of responsibility that I do not believe collegestudents are able to handle. The added stress of morning sickness, moodswings, weight gain and other anxieties attributed to pregnancy wouldplace to much of a emotional strain on an already tense collegestudent. Pro-Lifers argue, if one is responsible enough to have sex,one should be responsible enough to deal with the consequences(National College Students for Life). I am in agreement with theresponsibility necessary to be a part of a sexual relationship but thereality of unwanted pregnancies is far too large to overlook. Studiesshow that each year, one million teenagers become pregnant and 85% ofthese pregnancies are unwanted (Detroit News). Of course there isalways the counter argument of putting the child up for adoption, butthat leads to more emotional entanglements. Having to go through a ninemonth period carrying a child growing inside you may cause you to becomeattached to that child, which may not receive the life it des erves atthat time. Consequences of unwanted pregnanciesWhen examining the records of any mental or penal institution andprison, one realizes that in too many cases the person was raised in ahousehold where the parents did not want the child (Landes 121). Achild requires love and compassion to grow and live a happy life. Thechildren that do not receive adequate attention often go to jail orbecome insane because they have never learned to love. Also becauseabortions are not always easily accessible or accepted, mothers findanother way to get rid of the child. This means that the children livein foster homes where they do not lead stable lives (Landes 122). Extenuating circumstancesMore than 87,000 rapes were reported in 1996, and 40% of those rapeswere considered date or acquaintance rape among women between the agesof sixteen and twenty, typical college age students (Willke 193). Rapeis a violent act that may leave a woman pregnant. Christina, a 20year-old rape victim, remarks on her decision of abortion rather thanadoption, losing a seven week fetus which weighed less than aspirintablet does not compare to losing a seven pound baby with hair andfingernails that would look like me (Bender and Leone 132). Regardlesshow much a mother loves her child, it is unbearably difficult to lookinto its face without thinking about the mortifying activity on how thechild was conceived. Rape is a harsh crime and having a baby remindingthe woman is too much to ask, unless she is totally willing. Abortions should also be more accepted and accessible to women whoselives are in danger or whose children will be born with a terminalillness. Pregnancy does not go with out health risks. However,teenage mothers are more likely to give birth to unhealthy children dueto their immaturity (Maloy 124). It is not fair to the child nor theparents to bring the child into the world under those circumstances. The parents life would be completely altered due to the demanding needsof terminal ill children and this would not correspond with a demandingcollege schedule. Breakdown of sociological expectationsSocietys expectations of todays generation also conflict with theacceptance of abortion among college students. All of our lives it isinstilled in us to further our education by attending a college oruniversity. Those females who have achieved this goal should be highlypraised. However, this praise and recognition is then shattered uponthem becoming pregnant. The treatment received and the emotionalstruggles endured will make it hard for a continuation of their collegeeducation, not to mention the emotional strength it takes to carry andthen supp ort a child. According to the same Planned Parenthood study,mentioned previously, the majority of female college students that havechildren in college, are not able to finish their college careers. Another issue that society deems important is family values, and onceagain, societys lack of acceptance of abortion conflicts with thisissue. We have been taught, and studies show, that a nuclear family ishealthiest. The probability of a pregnant college student being a partof a nuclear family, with two married parents, is low. As supported in the survey conducted, 30% of males said they would not support a childthat was a result of a one night stand. This leaves the child without atwo parent family, which is against societys norm that we are expectedto follow. Financial burdenSeventy-three percent of college students are receiving some form offinancial aid, grant, scholarship or student loan (College Board 1996). College students are usually already on a fixed and strict budget andchildren are a huge expense on top of that. It is estimated that8,000-10,000 dollars are spent on a newborn within its first year oflife (Hume 213). With or without support, many college students couldnot afford the expense of a child in addition to college expenses, andtherefore would be forced financially to drop out of school. Secondly,a large portion of the financial burden of children is held by medicalexpenses. There is a great insufficiency in the number of inexpensiveand accessible medical utilities for young adults without any form ofinsurance. To follow through with a healthy pregnancy, adequatepre-natal care must be given. Because the majority of pre-nataldevelopment occurs within the first trimester (Willke 46), favorabledevelopment requires frequent check ups, along with vitamins and drugsthat help prevent birth defects. Facilities that dispense such servicesare usually expensive and require medical insurance. After a child isborn, immunizations and follow up care is required. These proceduresalso require some form of payment. The majority of college students donot have jobs that provide adequate medical coverage, if they even havejobs. So obviously, for many reasons having and supporting a child is too much of a financial burdenon a college student and abortion seems the logical answer. Reconstruction EssayExtenuating circumstancesMore than 87,000 rapes were reported in 1996, and 40% of those rapeswere considered date or acquaintance rape among women between the agesof sixteen and twenty, typical college age students (Willke 193). Rapeis a violent act that may leave a woman pregnant. Christina, a 20year-old rape victim, remarks on her decision of abortion rather thanadoption, losing a seven week fetus which weighed less than aspirintablet does not compare to losing a seven pound baby with hair andfingernails that would look like me (Bender and Leone 132). Regardlesshow much a mother loves her child, it is unbearably difficult to lookinto its face without thinking about the mortifying activity on how thechild was conceived. Rape is a harsh crime and having a baby remindingthe woman is too much to ask, unless she is totally willing. Abortions should also be more accepted and accessible to women whoselives are in danger or whose children will be born with a terminali llness. Pregnancy does not go with out health risks. However,teenage mothers are more likely to give birth to unhealthy children dueto their immaturity (Maloy 124). It is not fair to the child nor theparents to bring the child into the world under those circumstances. The parents life would be completely altered due to the demanding needsof terminal ill children and this would not correspond with a demandingcollege schedule. Breakdown of sociological expectationsSocietys expectations of todays generation also conflict with theacceptance of abortion among college students. All of our lives it isinstilled in us to further our education by attending a college oruniversity. Those females who have achieved this goal should be highlypraised. However, this praise and recognition is then shattered uponthem becoming pregnant. The treatment received and the emotionalstruggles endured will make it hard for a continuation of their collegeeducation, not to mention the emotional strength it takes to carry andthen support a child. According to the same Planned Parenthood study,mentioned previously, the majority of female college students that havechildren in college, are not able to finish their college careers. Another issue that society deems important is family values, and onceagain, societys lack of acceptance of abortion conflicts with thisissue. We have been taught, and studies show, that a nuclear family ishealthiest. The probability of a pregnant college student being a partof a nuclear family, with two married parents, is low. As supported in the survey conducted, 30% of males said they would not support a childthat was a result of a one night stand. This leaves the child without atwo parent family, which is against societys norm that we are expectedto follow. Financial burdenSeventy-three percent of college students are receiving some form offinancial aid, grant, scholarship or student loan (College Board 1996). College students are usually already on a fixed and strict budget andchildren are a huge expense on top of that. It is estimated that8,000-10,000 dollars are spent on a newborn within its first year oflife (Hume 213). With or without support, many college students couldnot afford the expense of a child in addition to college expenses, andtherefore would be forced financially to drop out of school. Secondly,a large portion of the financial burden of children is held by medicalexpenses. There is a great insufficiency in the number of inexpensiveand accessible medical utilities for young adults without any form ofinsurance. To follow through with a healthy pregnancy, adequatepre-natal care must be given. Because the majority of pre-nataldevelopment occurs within the first trimester (Willke 46), favorabledevelopment requires frequent check ups, along with vitamins and drugsthat help prevent birth defects. Facilities that dispense such servicesare usually expensive and require medical insurance. After a child isborn, immunizations and follow up care is required. These proceduresalso require some form of payment. The majority of college students donot have jobs that provide adequate medical coverage, if they even havejobs. So obviously, for many reasons having and supporting a child is too much of a financial burdenon a college student and abortion seems the logical answer. Is there a solution?Now that all the problems of having a child in college have beendiscussed, its time to ask the question-Can anything be done to makeabortions among college students more socially accepted? I believesomething can be done and many different possibilities need to beproposed. More educationAs with any other issue, education is the basis of judgment. Accordingto psychologist, Dr. Martin J. Sternberg, the way children are educatedat a young age directly affects their behavior as adults (Pojman andBeckwith 418). Therefore, children need to be educated possibly asyoung as elementary school on the topic of abortion. At this agechildren are just starting to learn of societys expectation of them togo to college in the future. They then will be able to directlycorrelate the need of responsibility to raise a child with the strugglesof a college student, and learn they dont mix. Of course educationcannot stop at this age, and must continue throughout high school. Educating young children implants the notion in their minds, but highschool students are on a more mature level to comprehend information,especially dealing with sexual relationships. High school students arealso at the perfect age to realize the emotional and physical hardshipsthat would be endured if one was to have a child in college. Of thecollege students surveyed, 63% did not know exactly how an abortion wasperformed. Teaching children about abortion at a young age, and constant reinforcementthroughout their schooling will allow them to be more knowledgeable andaccepting if they are a part of, or know someone who is a part of such asituation, once they reach college age. In addition to education about abortion, education about alternativemethods of birth control is necessary. A study done in 1995 showed that82% of women that received abortions, that year, were not using anymethod of birth control at point of conception. It could be inferredfrom this statistic that these women did not have knowledge about birthcontrol or access to it. Again, starting at an early age in education,children should be taught the logistics of different methods of birthcontrol. In many states, including North Carolina, the only method ofbirth control allowed to be taught, by law, is abstinence. The pr esenceof pre-marital sex among teenagers in todays generation cannot beignored. Instead of trying to discount the number of teenagers thatparticipate in pre-marital sex, society should go with a more realisticapproach and educate them about birth control and therefore, there willbe fewer necessary abortions. Educating todays youth about abortion and birth control will conjureideas in them at a young age. With education comes knowledge, and withknowledge comes acceptance. Greater accessibilityMuch of the problem with accepting abortion is the lack of facilitiesthat perform abortions. Only thirteen percent of abortions areperformed within hospitals (Landes 64). The rest are performed outsideof hospitals in clinics. The Alan Guttmacher Institute surveyed and found only 2,680 abortion clinics in the United States. Eighty-eight percent of the clinics are only in metropolitan areas whereninety-eight percent of abortions are performed (Landes 64). Ruralcounties that contain colleges or universities do not have suchaccessibility to facilities that perform abortions. The AGI discoveredthat eighty-three percent of rural counties did not have clinics. Limited facilities that perform clinics poses a dilemma for collegestudents that may not have transportation or time, to travel tometropolitan areas. However, if colleges installed on-campus abortionclinics with certified doctors and psychologists, for counselingpurposes, this problem could be corrected. With on-c ampus abortionclinics, it would show the university to be more accepting andunderstanding of college students need for such medical facilities, andtherefore, society as a whole may be more accepting. The clinics shou